Alcatraz Island - Wikipedia. Alcatraz Island. IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)Location. San Francisco Bay, California, USNearest city. San Francisco, California. Coordinates. 37°4. N1. 22°2. 5′2. 4″W / 3.

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N 1. 22. 4. 23. 33. W / 3. 7. 8. 26. Coordinates: 3. 7°4. N1. 22°2. 5′2. 4″W / 3.

N 1. 22. 4. 23. 33. W / 3. 7. 8. 26.

Area. 22 acres (8. Established. 19. 34 (1. Governing body. National Park Service. Website. Alcatraz Island. Alcatraz. The Social Hall, destroyed by fire during the Native American occupation. Area. 47 acres (1. Built. 18. 47. Architect.

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U. S. Army, Bureau of Prisons; U. S. Army. Architectural style. Mission/Spanish Revival.

NRHP reference #7. Significant dates.

Added to NRHPJune 2. Designated NHLDJanuary 1. Alcatraz Island () is located in San Francisco Bay, 1. San Francisco, California, United States.[2] The small island was developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison (1.

Beginning in November 1. Native Americans from San Francisco, who were part of a wave of Native activism across the nation, with public protests through the 1. In 1. 97. 2, Alcatraz became part of a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1. Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area; it is open to tours. Visitors can reach the island by ferry ride from Pier 3.

Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco. Hornblower Cruises and Events, operating under the name Alcatraz Cruises, is the official ferry provider to and from the island. Alcatraz Island is home to the abandoned prison, the site of the oldest operating lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States, early military fortifications, and natural features such as rock pools and a seabird colony (mostly western gulls, cormorants, and egrets).

According to a 1. Alcatraz, the island measures 1,6.

However, the total area of the island is reported to be 2. Landmarks on the island include the Main Cellhouse, Dining Hall, Library, Lighthouse, the ruins of the Warden's House and Officers' Club, Parade Grounds, Building 6. Water Tower, New Industries Building, Model Industries Building, and the Recreation Yard. History[edit]. Alcatraz Island on a clear day. Alcatraz in the dawn mist, from the east. The "parade ground" is at left. Alcatraz Island and lighthouse at sunset.

The water tower and powerhouse (at right), which generated electricity for the island. A model of Military Point Alcatraz, 1. Alcatraz Island. The first Spaniard to document the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1. San Francisco Bay and named one of the three islands he identified as the "La Isla de los Alcatraces," which translates as "The Island of the Pelicans,"[1][7][8][9][1. Spanish alcatraz ("pelican"). Over the years, the Spanish version "Alcatraz" became popular and is now widely used. In August 1. 82. 7, French Captain Auguste Bernard Duhaut- Cilly wrote "..

Alcatraze's (Pelicans) Island .. A gun fired over the feathered legions caused them to fly up in a great cloud and with a noise like a hurricane."[1. The California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) is not known to nest on the island today. Midsummer Dream The Cartoon High Quality here.

The Spanish built several small buildings on the island and other minor structures.[6]Military garrison[edit]The earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1. Workman would build a lighthouse on it.[1. Julian Workman is the baptismal name of William Workman, co- owner of Rancho La Puente and personal friend of Pio Pico.

Later in 1. 84. 6, acting in his capacity as Military Governor of California, John C. Frémont, champion of Manifest Destiny and leader of the Bear Flag Republic, bought the island for $5,0. United States government from Francis Temple.[6][1.

In 1. 85. 0, President Millard Fillmore ordered that Alcatraz Island be set aside specifically as a United States military reservation,[1. U. S. acquisition of California from Mexico following the Mexican–American War.[1. Frémont had expected a large compensation for his initiative in purchasing and securing Alcatraz Island for the U. S. government, but the U.

S. government later invalidated the sale and paid Frémont nothing. Frémont and his heirs sued for compensation during protracted but unsuccessful legal battles that extended into the 1. The lighthouse tower adjacent to the prison cell house. Following the acquisition of California by the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1. Mexican–American War, and the onset of the California Gold Rush the following year, the U. S. Army began studying the suitability of Alcatraz Island for the positioning of coastal batteries to protect the approaches to San Francisco Bay. In 1. 85. 3, under the direction of Zealous B.

Tower, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began fortifying the island, work which continued until 1. Fortress Alcatraz. The island's first garrison at Camp Alcatraz, numbering about 2. When the American Civil War broke out in 1. At this time it also served as the San Francisco Arsenal for storage of firearms to prevent them falling into the hands of Confederate sympathizers.[1. Alcatraz, built as a "heavily fortified military site on the West Coast", formed a "triangle of defense" along with Fort Point and Lime Point, and ensured security to the bay.

The island was also the site of the first operational lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States.[1. Alcatraz never fired its guns offensively, though during the war it was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast.[1. Military prison[edit]Because of its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, hazardous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners of war (POWs) as early as 1. Following the war in 1.

Modernization efforts, including an ambitious plan to level the entire island and construct shell- proof underground magazines and tunnels, were undertaken between 1. Instead, the army switched the focus of its plans for Alcatraz from coastal defense to detention, a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation. In 1. 86. 7, a brick jailhouse was built (previously inmates had been kept in the basement of the guardhouse), and in 1. Alcatraz was officially designated a long- term detention facility for military prisoners. The facility was later discontinued for POWs in 1.

Among those incarcerated at Alcatraz were Confederates caught on the West Coast,[6] and some Hopi. Native American men in the 1. In 1. 89. 8, the Spanish–American War increased the prison population from 2. U. S. Army General George W. Mc. Iver. After the 1. San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement.

On March 2. 1, 1. Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western U. S. Military Prison, later Pacific Branch, U. S. Disciplinary Barracks, 1. In 1. 90. 9 construction began on the huge concrete main cell block, designed by Major Reuben Turner, which remains the island's dominant feature. It was completed in 1. To accommodate the new cell block, the Citadel, a three- story barracks, was demolished down to the first floor, which was actually below ground level.

The building had been constructed in an excavated pit (creating a dry "moat") to enhance its defensive potential. The first floor was then incorporated as a basement to the new cell block, giving rise to the popular legend of "dungeons" below the main cell block. The Fortress was deactivated as a military prison in October 1. Bureau of Prisons.[1.

During World War I, the prison held conscientious objectors, including Philip Grosser, who wrote a pamphlet entitled Uncle Sam's Devil's Island about his experiences.[2. Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary[edit]The United States Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz was acquired by the United States Department of Justice on October 1.