Adult animation - Wikipedia. Adult animation, adult cartoon, or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers, acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children. Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons. They may be noted for using risqué themes, graphic violence, profane language, sexuality, or dark humor. Works in this genre may explore philosophical, political, or social issues.
Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques. In the United States, before the enforcement of the Hays Code, some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children. Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation. Initially, few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences, but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success. History in the United States[edit]Pre- code animation[edit]The earliest cartoon series were based upon popular comic strips, and were directed at family audiences. Most animation produced during the silent film era was not intended to be shown to any specific age group, but occasionally contained humor that was directed at adult audience members, including risqué jokes.[1] The assumed audience of these early cartoons, particularly Looney Tunes, has alternated from their initial unspecific audience, to children, and back to general audiences as "classics".[2] The earliest known instance of censorship in animation occurred when the censorship board of Pennsylvania requested that references to bootlegging be removed from Walt Disney's 1.
Alice Solves a Puzzle.[1] One of the earliest animated pornographic films was Eveready Harton in Buried Treasure, produced circa 1. It has often been suggested that the film was produced for a private party in honor of Winsor Mc. Cay.[1] Rumors suggest that the film was developed in Cuba years after it was completed, because no lab in New York City would process the film.[1] When a print was screened in San Francisco in the late 1. George Stallings, George Canata, Rudy Zamora, Sr., and Walter Lantz.[1]The Motion Picture Association of America, then known as the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association, was established in 1. Until the Hays Code was enforced, many animated shorts featured suggestive content, including sexual innuendo, references to alcohol and drug use, and mild profanity.[3] In the 1. Bosko's Picture Show, Bosko appears to use the word "fuck", although it has also been suggested that the character is saying "fox", or even "mug".[3] The Betty Boop series was known for its use of jokes that would eventually be considered taboo following the enforcement of the Hays Code, including the use of nudity.[3] Betty Boop was initially drawn as a dog, and cast as the girlfriend of another Fleischer character, Bimbo.[3] Betty was redesigned as a human, but the series continued to suggest a love relationship between the two that went farther than the normal relationship between humans and their pets.[3] The short Is My Palm Read contains a scene in which Betty is shown as a child between the ages of four and five, bathing in the nude.[3] In the 1. The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo.
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Concert audiences were not aware that Betty was supposed to be a baby in the sequence.[3]Another short, Bamboo Isle, contains a sequence in which Betty dances the hula topless, wearing only a lei over her breasts and a grass skirt. According to animator Shamus Culhane, Fleischer Studios and Paramount Pictures were shocked by the sequence, but because it was a major sequence, it could not be cut out of the film. Culhane also states that he does not remember any instance in which the film was censored.[3] Betty’s hula animation was reused for a cameo appearance with Popeye the Sailor in his self- titled animated debut short. Following the enforcement of the Hays Code, Betty's clothing was redesigned, and all future shorts portrayed her with a longer dress which did not portray her physique and sexuality.[4] Shorts produced following the enforcement of the Hays Code were also less surreal in nature, and Betty was portrayed as a rational adult.[4]After the Hays Code[edit]By 1. Hi-Def Piper Cartoon more.
Hays Office had been eliminated, and the former guidelines were replaced by the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system.[5] The lifting of the Code meant that animated features from other countries could be distributed without censorship, and that censorship would not be required for American productions.[5] Some underground cartoon films from the late 1. Bambi Meets Godzilla (1. Escalation (1. 96.
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Mickey Mouse in Vietnam (1. Escalation" in particular is interesting because it was made by Disney animator Ward Kimball, independently from the Disney Studios. Film producer John Magnuson completed an animated short based upon an audio recording of a comedy routine by Lenny Bruce titled Thank You Mask Man (1.
The Lone Ranger shocks the residents of the town he saves when he tells them that he wants to have sex with Tonto.[6] The short was made by San Francisco- based company Imagination, Inc. Jeff Hale, a former member of the National Film Board of Canada.[7] The film was scheduled to premiere on the opening night of Z, as a supplement preceding the main feature, but was not shown.[7] According to a former staff member of the festival, Magnuson ran up the aisle and shouted "They crucified Lenny when he was alive and now that he is dead they are screwing him again!"[7] The festival's director told Magnuson that the producer of Z did not want any short shown that night.
Rumors suggested that the wife of one of the festival's financiers hated Bruce, and threatened to withdraw her husband's money if the short was screened.[7]Thank You Mask Man was later shown in art house screenings, and gained a following, but screenings did not perform well enough financially for Magnuson to profit from the film.[7]Animated feature films[edit]Ralph Bakshi[edit]. Ralph Bakshi successfully established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent and adult- oriented productions in the 1. By the late- 1. 96. Ralph Bakshi felt that he could not continue to produce the same kind of animation as he had in the past. Bakshi was quoted in a 1. Los Angeles Times as saying that the idea of "grown men sitting in cubicles drawing butterflies floating over a field of flowers, while American planes are dropping bombs in Vietnam and kids are marching in the streets, is ludicrous."[8] With producer Steve Krantz, Bakshi founded his own studio, Bakshi Productions,[9] establishing the studio as an alternative to mainstream animation by producing animation his own way and accelerating the advancement of female and minority animators. He also paid his employees a higher salary than any other studio at that time.
In 1. 96. 9, Ralph's Spot was founded as a division of Bakshi Productions to produce commercials for Coca- Cola, and Max, the 2. Year- Old Mouse, a series of educational shorts paid for by Encyclopædia Britannica.[1. However, Bakshi was uninterested in the kind of animation he was producing, and wanted to produce something personal. Bakshi soon developed Heavy Traffic, a tale of inner- city street life. However, Krantz told Bakshi that studio executives would be unwilling to fund the film because of its content and Bakshi's lack of film experience.[1. While browsing the East Side Book Store on St.
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Mark's Place, Bakshi came across a copy of Robert Crumb's Fritz the Cat. Impressed by Crumb's sharp satire, Bakshi purchased the book and suggested to Krantz that it would work as a film.[1.