Western (genre) - Wikipedia. The Western is a genre of various arts which tell stories set primarily in the later half of the 1. American Old West, often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter[1] armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse.
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, soldiers (especially mounted cavalry), settlers and townsfolk. Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a ".. American West".[2] Specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Common plots include the construction of a railroad or a telegraph line on the wild frontier; ranchers protecting their family ranch from rustlers or large landowners or who build a ranch empire; revenge stories, which hinge on the chase and pursuit by a wronged individual; stories about cavalry fighting Indians; outlaw gang plots; and stories about a lawman or bounty hunter tracking down his quarry. Many Westerns use a stock plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution, which is often dispensed through a shootout or quick draw duel.[3][4][5]The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 2.
Western films first became well- attended in the 1. John Ford's landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1. John Wayne a mainstream screen star. Westerns were very popular throughout the 1. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon (1.
Shane (1. 95. 3), The Searchers (1. The Wild Bunch (1. Classic Westerns such as these have been the inspiration for various films about Western- type characters in contemporary settings, such as Junior Bonner (1. The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2. The Lone Ranger; a famous heroic lawman who was with a cavalry of six Texas Rangers, until they were all killed but him. He preferred to remain anonymous, so he resigned and built a sixth grave that supposedly held his body.
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He fights on as a lawman, wearing a mask, for, "Outlaws live in a world of fear. Fear of the mysterious."The Western genre sometimes portrays the conquest of the wilderness and the subordination of nature in the name of civilization or the confiscation of the territorial rights of the original, Native American, inhabitants of the frontier.[1] The Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–"frontier justice"–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are often played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them (e. True Grit has revenge and retribution as its main themes). This Western depiction of personal justice contrasts sharply with justice systems organized around rationalistic, abstract law that exist in cities, in which social order is maintained predominately through relatively impersonal institutions such as courtrooms. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi- nomadic wanderer, usually a cowboy or a gunfighter.[1] A showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns.
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In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the literary descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances.[1] Like the cowboy or gunfighter of the Western, the knight errant of the earlier European tales and poetry was wandering from place to place on his horse, fighting villains of various kinds and bound to no fixed social structures but only to his own innate code of honor. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress. Similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, although some notable examples (e. Westerns of John Ford or Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven, about an old hired killer) are more morally ambiguous. Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape.
Specific settings include isolated forts, ranches and homesteads; the Native American village; or the small frontier town with its saloon, general store, livery stable and jailhouse and the open desert, where there are no structures and only windswept sand dunes. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West: it is the place to go for music (raucous piano playing), women (often prostitutes), gambling (draw poker or five card stud), drinking (beer or whiskey), brawling and shooting.
In some Westerns, where civilization has arrived, the town has a church, a general store, a bank and a school; in others, where frontier rules still hold sway, it is, as Sergio Leone said, "where life has no value". Characteristics[edit]The American Film Institute defines western films as those "set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle and the demise of the new frontier."[7] The term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1. Motion Picture World Magazine.[8] Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 1. Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became a popular art form.[9] Western films commonly feature protagonists such as cowboys, gunslingers, and bounty hunters, who are often depicted as semi- nomadic wanderers who wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, and buckskins, use revolvers or rifles as everyday tools of survival–and as a means to settle disputes using "frontier justice". Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds. Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era (1. With the advent of sound in 1.
Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns,[citation needed] leaving the genre to smaller studios and producers. These smaller organizations churned out countless low- budget features and serials in the 1. By the late 1. 93. Western film was widely regarded as a "pulp" genre in Hollywood, but its popularity was dramatically revived in 1. Dodge City starring Errol Flynn, Jesse James with Tyrone Power, Union Pacific with Joel Mc. Crea, Destry Rides Again featuring James Stewart and Marlene Dietrich, and the release of John Ford's landmark Western adventure Stagecoach, which became one of the biggest hits of the year.
Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream screen star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns. Wayne had been introduced to the screen ten years earlier as the leading man in director Raoul Walsh's widescreen. The Big Trail, which failed at the box office, due in part to exhibitors' inability to switch over to widescreen during the Depression. After the Western's renewed commercial successes in the late 1. Western continued to rise until its peak in the 1. Western films produced outnumbered all other genres combined.[1.
Western films often depict conflicts with Native Americans. While early Eurocentric Westerns frequently portray the "Injuns" as dishonorable villains, the later and more culturally neutral Westerns gave Native Americans a more sympathetic treatment.
Other recurring themes of Westerns include Western treks (e. The Big Trail) or perilous journeys (e. Stagecoach) or groups of bandits terrorising small towns such as in The Magnificent Seven. Or revisionist westerns like I Walk the Line (1.
The Rifleman - The Original Series. The enduring popularity of THE RIFLEMAN 5.
Many of the most talented actors working in the entertainment industry visited North Fork over the series' 1. More than 5. 00 actors made guest appearances in over 9. Guest appearances were made by venerable veteran actors, including John Carradine, Lon Chaney, Jr., Ellen Corby, John Dehner and Agnes Moorehead.
Talented newcomers also made appearances on THE RIFLEMAN series, including Mark Goddard, Dennis Hopper, Michael Landon, Harry Dean Stanton, Robert Vaughn, and many others. A long call sheet of the most recognizable, top actors working in the 1. THE RIFLEMAN, including Julie Adams, Richard Anderson, Michael Ansara, James Coburn, Leif Erickson, James Franciscus, Martin Landau, Warren Oates, Lee Van Cleef, and scores of others. A few celebrated icons renowned for their accomplishments in other fields also made cameo appearances on THE RIFLEMAN series, including singer Sammy Davis, Jr., baseball legend Don Drysdale, comedian Buddy Hackett and writer/director/producer Paul Mazursky. John AbbottJohn Abbott, born John Kefford, was an English character actor. He appeared in 1. He performed in a wide range of different genres, although several of his early roles were uncredited. Despite being blacklisted in the 1. Abbott remained a sought- after performer. He is best remembered for his portrayal of Frederick Fairlie in "The Woman in White" (1.
He also provided the voice of the wolf in Walt Disney's "The Jungle Book" (1. Abbott made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying Dr. Hennekin in "The Vision" (episode 6.
In addition to THE RIFLEMAN, he also guest- starred in "Gunsmoke" (1. Bonanza" (1. 95. 9–1. Julie AdamsJulie Adams, born Betty May Adams, is an American television and film actress. She has appeared in nearly 1. TV shows in a career spanning more than 5. Born in Arkansas, she later moved to California to pursue a career in acting. Most of her early appearances were in B- movie westerns. She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Kay Lawrence in the classic science- fiction film "Creature from the Black Lagoon" (1.
She also made several appearances as Eve Simpson in the mystery series "Murder, She Wrote" (1. Adams made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying the title character in "Nora" (episode 7. In addition to THE RIFLEMAN, Adams also guest- starred in "Yancy Derringer" (1.
Bonanza" (1. 95. 9–1. Stanley AdamsStanley Adams was an American actor and screenwriter. He appeared in nearly 2. He wrote for various popular television series, including "Bonanza" (1.
Star Trek" (1. 96. He had his first film role in "Death of a Salesman" (1. He had a recurring role in the comedy series "The Adventures of Hiram Holliday" (1. Garreaux. Adams made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying Dr. Jay Carter in "Outlaw's Shoes" (episode 1.
In addition to THE RIFLEMAN, Adams also guest- starred in "Wagon Train" (1. Gunsmoke" (1. 95. Claude AkinsClaude Akins was an American actor of stage, film and television. He appeared in over 1.
He served in the US Army Signal Corps during World War II and was stationed in Burma and the Philippines. Prior to his military service, Akins attended Northwestern University where he studied theater and upon returning home from his last deployment, he rekindled his interest in art and drama, appearing in his first film role in "From Here to Eternity" (1. Akins was broad- shouldered and barrel- chested, with a deep baritone voice and dark wavy hair. Gregarious, likeable and friendly, he was never short of work. He was equally adept at playing sneering cowardly villains and portraying hard- nosed cops. Akins is best remembered for his television role as Sheriff Lobo in the 1. Sci Fi Thriller Cartoons Sinbad: Legend Of The Seven Seas there. B. J. and the Bear" and later a spin- off series, "The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo."He quickly began notching up roles in TV shows, including "Dragnet," "My Friend Flicka" and "Zane Grey Theatre." He also turned in several strong cinematic performances, playing Mack in the excellent "The Defiant Ones" (1.
Joe Burdette in the landmark western "Rio Bravo" (1. Sgt. Kolwicz in "Merrill's Marauders" (1. Earl Sylvester in the gripping "The Killers" (1. In the early 1. 97. Akins appeared in several supernatural TV films, playing "no- nonsense" sheriffs in both "The Night Stalker" and "The Norliss Tapes." He was virtually unrecognizable underneath his simian make- up as war- mongering General Aldo in "Battle for the Planet of the Apes" (1.
Akins continued staring in films and television until the time of his death from cancer in 1. Akins appeared in many classic western series, including "The Big Valley," "Gunsmoke," "The Virginian" and "Rawhide." He also appeared in three episodes of THE RIFLEMAN, playing Floyd Doniger in "The Safe Guard" (episode 8), Tom Benton in "Meeting at Midnight" (episode 7. Bletch Droshek in "Strange Town" (episode 8. Chris AlcaideChris Alcaide made ten appearances in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying different characters in each episode. He is best known for his roles in westerns, having appeared in over 4. Alcaide, a veteran character actor of great range and talent appeared in a wide variety of projects, including "The Glass Menagerie," "The Wild One" with Marlon Brando, "Assassination" with Charles Bronson and "Kid Galahad" with Elvis Presley.
Other movie credits include "The Miami Story," "Gunslinger," "Miami Expose," "The 4. Man," "Massacre Canyon" and "Rock All Night.". Norman AldenNorman Alden is an American character actor. He has appeared in more than 2. Following his service in World War II, Alden attended Texas Christian University (TCU), where he began developing his skills as an actor. He made several appearances in the comedy series "Hennesey" (1. Jackie Cooper, Abby Dalton and Henry Kulky. In addition to being a guest star, Alden also had a recurring role in the comedic western "Rango" (1.
Captain Horton. Alden made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying Duff in "The Anvil Chorus" (episode 1. Alden guest- starred in other westerns, including "The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin" (1. The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp" (1. Johnny Ringo. Virginia AldridgeVirginia Aldridge appeared as the Waitress in THE RIFLEMAN pilot episode, "The Sharpshooter." She also appeared in several other western series and films of the 1. Richard AlexanderRichard Alexander was an American actor who worked in film and television for nearly 5.
Most of his roles were uncredited, but he appeared in numerous films, including "All Quiet on the Western Front" (1. Flash Gordon" (1. Zorro Rides Again" (1. Requiem for a Gunfighter" (1. He also made numerous television appearances, frequently in Westerns, including "The Lone Ranger" (1. The Gene Autry Show" (1. Dick Tracy (1. 95.
Hopalong Cassidy" (1. Death Valley Days" (1. Petrocelli" (1. 97.
Alexander appeared in four episodes of THE RIFLEMAN and was one of seven actors to play Nels/Nils Swenson/Swensen/Svenson, usually also listed in the credits as the Blacksmith. He appeared in "The Deserter" (episode 6. Smoke Screen" (episode 6. Meeting at Midnight" (episode 7.
The Martinet" (episode 8. Mel AllenMel Allen, born Melvin F. Allen, was an American actor. He appeared in more than 2. His first film appearance was an uncredited role in "The Return of Dracula" (1. Allen made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, playing the part of Sweeney in "Miss Bertie" (episode 9. In addition to THE RIFLEMAN, he also guest- starred in "The Big Valley" (1.
Henry AllinHenry Allin was an American actor. He made one appearance in THE RIFLEMAN, portraying Tom Burroughs in "The Assailants" (episode 1. In addition to the RIFLEMAN, Allin also guest- starred in an unsold pilot, "Call to Danger" (1. A second pilot with the same title was made in 1. Peter Graves. The second pilot also went unsold, but it won Graves the leading role in "Mission Impossible" (1. Jean AllisonJean Allison is an American actress who has appeared in nearly 1.